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Factors Associated with Hypertension during Pregnancy in Derashie Woreda South Ethiopia, Case Control

Getinet Ayele, Seblewengel Lemma, Eskzyiaw Agedew

Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is causing striking maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity both in developed and developing countries. It represents the most common medical complications of pregnancy with a reported incidence between 5 and 10%. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate determinants of pregnancy-induced hypertension for evidence based public health intervention based on local context.
Objective: To assess factors associated with hypertension during pregnancy in Derashe Woreda.
Methods: Institutional based unmatched case control study was conducted among pregnant women who have anti natal follow up in Public Health facility of Dirashe Woreda from January 1 to February 30, 2015. A cluster sampling method was employed to recruit 117 cases (pregnancy induced hypertension mothers) and 349 controls of pregnant mothers in five public health facility based on proportional to population size allocation. Multi variable logistic regression analysis was conducted by SPSS version 20 to identify significant predictors based on p-value less than 0.05 with 95% confidence level.
Result: From all participant 117 (25.1%) were pregnancy induced hypertension groups (case) and 349 (75.1) from non-hypertension groups (controls) were involved. From all respondent 55 (11.8%) have previous history of pregnancy induced hypertension. Age of mothers between 25-30 and > 30 years Adjusted odd ratio 4.59 (1.14-18.59) and 6.59 (2.99- 14.50) respectively, lack awareness on risk of hypertension 8.24 (1.87-35.96), absence of chronic disease 0.14 (0.05-0.430), prime gravid 5.09 (1.23-21.02), frequent salt consumption 4.41 (1.25-15.56), body mass index >30 mg/kg2 9.91 (4.29-22.86), and history of previous pregnancy induced hypertension 2.85 (1.27-6.39) were identified significant factors for pregnancy induced hypertension.
Conclusion and recommendation: Special emphasis should be given for mothers who have pre existing chronic medical illness, old age and prime gravid to have early recognition and readiness for better management of pregnancy induced hyperbaton.