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“A Critical Analysis of Socioeconomic Determinants Explaining Health Inequalities in Hepatitis B and C Among Male Prisoners in Nigeria: A Narrative Literature Review”.

Chidi Peter Onyemali

Viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of deaths and a substantial burden on healthcare systems. This literature review explores the impact of Socioeconomic Determinants of Health (SDoH) on the prevalence and outcomes of HBV and HCV infections among male prison inmates in Nigeria. By examining factors such as risky behaviors, overcrowding, inadequate healthcare access, and food insecurity, this review highlights how these determinants contribute to the high rates of hepatitis infections in Nigerian prisons. The review underscores the urgent need for a multifaceted approach involving policy changes, improved healthcare access, and enhanced preventive measures to address these health disparities. The findings aim to inform public health strategies and interventions to reduce the transmission and impact of viral hepatitis in prison settings, aligning with global health goals and promoting health equity.
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified viral hepatitis, particularly caused by HBV and HCV, as a major global public health threat. These infections lead to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, with the number of deaths rising markedly over recent decades. In Nigerian prisons, where male inmates are disproportionately affected, the prevalence of HBV and HCV is notably high. Socioeconomic determinants such as risky behaviors, overcrowding, inadequate healthcare access, and food insecurity play critical roles in exacerbating these infections. Understanding how these determinants intersect and affect health outcomes in this context is essential for developing targeted interventions and improving public health strategies.
Aim: The aim of this literature review is to critically examine the impact of Socioeconomic Determinants of Health (SDoH) on the prevalence and outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among male prison inmates in Nigeria. By exploring the intersectionality of risky behaviors, overcrowding, inadequate healthcare access, and food insecurity, this review seeks to highlight key factors influencing viral hepatitis transmission and propose strategies for mitigating health disparities within Nigerian prisons.