Acta Psychopathologique Libre accès

Abstrait

Neuroscience and its application to the field of pediatric speech-language pathology

Julianne Freiwald-Gaule

Statement of the Problem: Many speech-language pathologists are not aware of the underlying causation and treatment strategies of pediatric communication disorders pertaining to the area of neuroscience. Understanding the basics of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity add an essential component necessary for treatment efficacy in the field of speech-language pathology. In addition, understanding the principals of executive functioning play a key role regarding the attentional network of all individuals, especially with patients presenting with a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder, inclusive of those with a high impulsivity index. Sensory modulation also plays a key role in the habilitation or rehabilitation of adapting to the environment in an effective manner necessary for activities of daily living. Attention to task and effective orientation to one’s environment are highly dependent upon the patients’ self-regulation and sensory processing. The focus of this presentation is in the field of pediatrics; however, it is important to understand that neuroplasticity continues throughout adulthood. Modulation of mood, as well as creating new pathways for learning and memory are examples of where neurogenesis and neuroplasticity are salient features in the areas of pediatrics and geriatrics. Another area that negatively impacts learning in people of all ages is the detrimental impact of inflammation and its relation to the immune system. This is understanding the impact of outcome measures during the waxing and waning of the patients’ immune system. In conclusion, it is vital that speech-language pathologists do not solely rely on standardized testing as the determination of eligibility and discharge services, yet add to the evaluation and treatment process the impact of the basics of neuroscience.